scikit_posthocs.posthoc_games_howell

scikit_posthocs.posthoc_games_howell(a: list | ndarray | DataFrame, val_col: str | None = None, group_col: str | None = None, sort: bool = False) → DataFrame

Games-Howell all-pairs comparison test for normally distributed data with unequal group variances. A total of m = k(k-1)/2 hypotheses can be tested. The null hypothesis is tested in the two-tailed test against the alternative hypothesis [1].

Parameters:

  • a (Union[list, np.ndarray, DataFrame]) – An array, any object exposing the array interface or a pandas DataFrame.

  • val_col (str, optional) – Name of a DataFrame column that contains dependent variable values (test or response variable). Values should have a non-nominal scale. Must be specified if a is a pandas DataFrame object.

  • group_col (str, optional) – Name of a DataFrame column that contains independent variable values (grouping or predictor variable). Values should have a nominal scale (categorical). Must be specified if a is a pandas DataFrame object.

  • sort (bool, optional) – If True, sort data by group columns.

Returns:

result – P values.

Return type:

pandas.DataFrame

Notes

Games-Howell is the most common all-pairs alternative to Tukey’s test when group variances cannot be assumed equal. The p values are computed from the studentized range (Tukey) distribution using Welch’s approximate degrees of freedom, same as posthoc_tamhane with welch=True but using the studentized range rather than the t-distribution.

References

Examples

>>> import scikit_posthocs as sp
>>> import pandas as pd
>>> x = pd.DataFrame({"a": [1,2,3,5,1], "b": [12,31,54,62,12], "c": [10,12,6,74,11]})
>>> x = x.melt(var_name='groups', value_name='values')
>>> sp.posthoc_games_howell(x, val_col='values', group_col='groups')